From Bowlby we learn that attachment is a primary motivation (for survival), not secondary to oral gratification (feeding) as Anna Freud and Klein surmised. Bowlby also highlights the importance of environmental factors in human development.
Schore states that attachment is affect regulation, achieved especially through right brain-to-right brain communication. Beebe’s research shows us that infants ‘talk’ even before they have words and that, for secure attachment to develop, the caregiver must be able to decode the infant’s communications. If the caregiver is contingently responsive to the baby’s cues, then the baby’s social and cognitive development is enhanced. The infant’s emotional, social, and cognitive development depends on being recognized both in positive moments and in distress (negative) moments.
Preoccupied mothers are less able to respond to their babies’ cues and less able to empathize with their babies’ distress. This can lead to insecure attachment. (avoidant attachment with dismissing--of the child’s distress-- mothers; anxious-resistant attachment with preoccupied mothers; and disorganized attachment with frightened/frightening --with a history of their own childhood trauma-- dissociated mothers).
Interactions in the early months of life can predict attachment styles at one year and predict social and academic success in the school years. The flexible, rapidly developing brain of the infant wires itself based on environmental (social relationship) interactions.
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